Kind of Blue​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​‌​‌‍‌‍​‍​​​‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‍​‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​‌​‌‍‌‍​‍​​​‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‍​‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌

The real climate impact of blue hydrogen and gas-CCS​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​‌​‌‍‌‍​‍​​​‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‍​‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​‌​‌‍‌‍​‍​​​‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‍​‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Proponents of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) technologies promise that CCUS- based hydrogen (blue hydrogen) and gas power plants with CCS (gas-CCS) can offer a low-carbon solution to decarbonise industrial and power sector.

However, our report reveals that CO2 emissions from Blue Hydrogen and Gas-CCS projects could be two to three times higher than reported when considering upstream emissions from gas extraction, processing and transport.

This problem is particularly important for the UK and EU which following the 2022-23 energy crisis are increasingly reliant on imported LNG, particularly from the USA.

Blue Hydrogen and Gas-CCS projects are not inherently low-carbon and risk derailing Net Zero strategies if the prolem of upstream emissions is not addressed.

Download our report for free to find out more. ​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​‌​‌‍‌‍​‍​​​‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‍​‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‍‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​‌​‌‍‌‍​‍​​​‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​‌​​​‌‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​​‌​​​​​​‍​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‍​‌‍​‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​‌​‌‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‍‌​‍​‍‌‌

Figure 1: Carbon intensity of Blue hydrogen production pathways by gas supply scenario ​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‍​‌‍​‌‍​​‌​‍​​‌‌​‌‍​‌‍​‍‌‌‍‌‌​​‍​‌​‌‍​‍‌​‌​​​‍​​​‍‌​‍‌‌‍​‍​‌​‌‌‍‌‌​‍‌‌‍‌​​‍‌​‌‌‍‌​​‌​​​‌‍‌​‌‍‌​​‍‌‌‍‌‍​​‌‌‍‌​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‍​‌‍​‌‍​​‌​‍​​‌‌​‌‍​‌‍​‍‌‌‍‌‌​​‍​‌​‌‍​‍‌​‌​​​‍​​​‍‌​‍‌‌‍​‍​‌​‌‌‍‌‌​‍‌‌‍‌​​‍‌​‌‌‍‌​​‌​​​‌‍‌​‌‍‌​​‍‌‌‍‌‍​​‌‌‍‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 2: Carbon intensity of electricity generation with gas-CCS and hydrogen-turbine by supply scenario​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‍​​‌‍‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍​​​‍​​‍‌​‍​‌‍​​‌‌​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‌‍​‍‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌​‌‌​‍​‌‍​‍​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​​‌​​‌‍‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​​​‌‍​​‌‍‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍​​​‍​​‍‌​‍​‌‍​​‌‌​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‌‍​‍‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌​‌‌​‍​‌‍​‍​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​​‌‌‍‌​​​​​‌​​‌‍‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 3: H2Tesside lifetime emissions reported vs estimated by gas supply scenario​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‍​‌‍​​‍​​‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​​​​‍‌​‍‌‌‍‌​​‍‌​​​‍​​‍‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​‍‌‌‍​‌‌‍​‌‍‌‍​‌​​‍‌​​​‌‍​‌​​‌‌‍​‌‌‍​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‌​‌​‌‍​‌​​‍‌‍​‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‍​‌‍​​‍​​‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​​​​‍‌​‍‌‌‍‌​​‍‌​​​‍​​‍‌​‌​​​​​‌​​​‌​‍‌‌‍​‌‌‍​‌‍‌‍​‌​​‍‌​​​‌‍​‌​​‌‌‍​‌‌‍​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‌​‌​‌‍​‌​​‍‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 4: UK's projected hydrogen demand​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍​‍​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‍‌​‌‌​​‌​​‍​​​‍‌​‌​‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​​‍‌‌‍​‌​‍​‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‌‍​​‌‌‍​‍​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‍‌​‌‌​​‌​​‍​​​‍‌​‌​‌‍​‌​​​‌‍​​‍‌‌‍​‌​‍​‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‌‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌‌​‌​‌‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 5: Estimated levelised cost of hydrogen blue vs green​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‍‌‍​​‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​‌‍​‍‌‍‌​​​​‍‌‌‍​‌​​‍​‍​‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌​​​​​‍‌​​​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​​​​‌​​‌‍‌‍​​‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌​‌‍​‍‌‍‌​​​​‍‌‌‍​‌​​‍​‍​‌‍​‌​‍‌​‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌​​​​​‍‌​​​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 6: Comparison of process emissions for blue hydrogen production pathways​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍​‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍​​‍​‌​​‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​‍​‌‍​‍​‍‌​‌​​​‌‍​‌​​​​‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍​‍​​‍‌​​​​​‌‍​‌​​​​‍‌​‌‍​​‍​‌​‌‌​‍‌​​‌​‌​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍​‌‍​‌‌‍‌​‌‍‌‍​​‍​‌​​‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‌​‍​‌‍​‍​‍‌​‌​​​‌‍​‌​​​​‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‍‌‍​‍​​‍‌​​​​​‌‍​‌​​​​‍‌​‌‍​​‍​‌​‌‌​‍‌​​‌​‌​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 7: Carbon intensity of natural gas by origin country​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍​​‌‌‍‌‌​‌​‍​​‌​​‍​​​‍‌​​​‌‌​‍‌​‌‌​‍‌​‌​‌‍​‍​‌‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‌‍​​‍‌​‍‌​‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‌‌​‍‌​​‌‍‌​​​‌‌‍‌‍​​‌‍‌‌​‌​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍​​‌‌‍‌‌​‌​‍​​‌​​‍​​​‍‌​​​‌‌​‍‌​‌‌​‍‌​‌​‌‍​‍​‌‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍​‌‍​‌‍​​‍‌​‍‌​‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‌‌​‍‌​​‌‍‌​​​‌‌‍‌‍​​‌‍‌‌​‌​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 8: Historical and projects domestic production and demand of natural gas​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‌​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍‌​​‍‌​​‌‌‍​​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‌​‌‍‌‍​​‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​​​​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‍​​‍​​‍​​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‍​​‍​​​‍​​​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‌​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​‌‌​​​‌​‌‍‌​​‍‌​​‌‌‍​​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‌​‌‍‌‍​​‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​​​​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‌‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‍​​‍​​‍​​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‍​​‍​​​‍​​​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 9: UK's historical natural gas supply by import origin​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‍​​‌​‍​​‌​​​​​‍​​​​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​​‍​​‍‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌​​‌​‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‌‍‌‍​‌‌​‍‌​‍​​‍‌‌‍​‌​‌​‌‍​​​‍​​‍​‍​‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‍​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‍​​‌​‍​​‌​​​​​‍​​​​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​​‍​​‍‌​‌​​​‍‌‍‌​​‌​‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‌‍‌‍​‌‌​‍‌​‍​​‍‌‌‍​‌​‌​‌‍​​​‍​​‍​‍​‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 11: Carbon intensity of electricity generation with gas-ccs and hydrogen considering the impact of various natural gas supply scenarios.​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍​​​​​‌​‌​‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​‍​‍‌‌‍​‌​​‌‍​‍​​‍​‍‌​‌​​‍‌​​​​​​‍‌​‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‌‍‌‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‍​​‍‌​​‌‌‍‌‍​​‌‌‍‌​​​​​‍‌‍​‌​‍​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍​​​​​‌​‌​‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍​‍​‍‌‌‍​‌​​‌‍​‍​​‍​‍‌​‌​​‍‌​​​​​​‍‌​‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‌‍‌‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‍​​‍‌​​‌‌‍‌‍​​‌‌‍‌​​​​​‍‌‍​‌​‍​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 12: H2Teesside estimated carbon intensity of blue hydrogen based on natural gas supply scenarios and compared against the UK’s low carbon hydrogen standard.​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‌‍‌​​​‍​‌​‌‍​​‌‍​​‌​​‍​‍‌​​​​‍​‌‌​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‍‌​‍​​‌​​​​​‍‌‌‍​​​‌‍​‌​‌​‌‍​‌​​‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍​‌​‌​​​​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‌‍‌​​​‍​‌​‌‍​​‌‍​​‌​​‍​‍‌​​​​‍​‌‌​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌‍​​‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‍‌​‍​​‌​​​​​‍‌‌‍​​​‌‍​‌​‌​‌‍​‌​​‍​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍​‌​‌​​​​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 14: NZT Power emission intensity of electricity generation based on different natural gas supply scenarios​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‍​‌‌​‌‌​‍​‌‍​‌‌‍‌‍​‌​‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​​‍​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍‌​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍​​‍‌​‌​​​​​‍​‌‍​‍‌‌‍​​‌​‌‍​​​‌‍​‌​​‌‍​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‍​‌‌​‌‌​‍​‌‍​‌‌‍‌‍​‌​‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​​‍​‌‍‌‍‌‍​‍‌​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‍​‌‍​‍‌​‍‌​‍‌‌‍‌​‌‍​​‍‌​‌​​​​​‍​‌‍​‍‌‌‍​​‌​‌‍​​​‌‍​‌​​‌‍​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Figure 15: NZT Power estimated lifetime emissions based on different natural gas supply scenarios​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‌‌‍​‌​‌‌‌‍​‌​‌‌‍‌‍​‌​‍‌​‍‌​​‌​‌​​‌​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‌​​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​​‍​​‍‌​‌‍​‌​​‌​‌‌​‍​​‌​​‌‍‌​​‍‌​​‌​​​‌​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​​‌‌‍​‌​‌‌‌‍​‌​‌‌‍‌‍​‌​‍‌​‍‌​​‌​‌​​‌​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌‍​‌‌‍‌​​‍‌​‍‌​‌​​​‍​​‍‌​‌‍​‌​​‌​‌‌​‍​​‌​​‌‍‌​​‍‌​​‌​​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Extra 1: Full model results carbon intensity Blue Hydrogen by gas supply scenario​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‍‌​​‍‌‍​‍​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​​‌‌‌‍​‌​​‍​‍‌​‌​​​​‌‍‌‌​‌​‍‌​‍​​‌‌​​​​​​‍‌​‍‌​​‌‍​‌​‍​‌‍‌​​​​‌‍‌‍​​​​‌‌​​​‌‍​‌​‍‌​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‍‌​​‍‌‍​‍​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‍‌‌‍​​‌‌‌‍​‌​​‍​‍‌​‌​​​​‌‍‌‌​‌​‍‌​‍​​‌‌​​​​​​‍‌​‍‌​​‌‍​‌​‍​‌‍‌​​​​‌‍‌‍​​​​‌‌​​​‌‍​‌​‍‌​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Extra 2: Full model results carbon intensity electricity generation, Gas-CCS and Blue Hydrogen-turbine by gas supply scenario​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‌‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‍​​‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‍​​‍‌​‍​​‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​​‍‌​​​‌‍​‍​‌​‌‍​‍‌‍‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​​‌‍‌‌‌‍​​​​​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌​‌‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍​‍​​‍‌‍‌‌​‍‌​‌​​​​​​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​‍​​‍‌​‍​​‌‍​‌‍‌‍‌​​‍‌​​​‌‍​‍​‌​‌‍​‍‌‍‌​​‌​​​​​​​​​​‌‍‌‌‌‍​​​​​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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Extra 3: Carbon Intensity of Blue Hydrogen via SMR by gas supply scenario​​​​‌‍​‍​‍‌‍‌​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‌‍‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍​‌‌‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌​‍‍‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍​‍​‍​​‍​‍‌‍‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌‍​‍​‍​‍‍​‍​‍​‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​​‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‍‌​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​​‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‍‍‌‌​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‍‍​‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​‍‌‌‍‌‍​​​‌‍‌​​​‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​​‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌​​‍​​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‍​​‍​‌‍‌‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍‌‍​‌​​​​‌‌‌‍​‍​‌​‌‍‌‍​​‌​​​​‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌​‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌‌​‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌​‍‌‍​​‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌​‌‍‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‍‌​‌‍‍‌‌‍​‍‌‍‌‍‍‌‌‍‌​​‌‌‍‌​​‍‌‌‍‌‍​​​‌‍‌​​​‌​‍‌‌‍‌‍​‍‌​​​​‌‌‌‍‌‍​‌​​‍‌​‌​​‌​​‍​​‌​​‍‌‌‍​‍​​‍​‌‍‌‍​‍​‍‌​‌‍‌‍​‌​​​​‌‌‌‍​‍​‌​‌‍‌‍​​‌​​​​‌​‌‍​‍‌‍​‌​‍‌‍‌‌​‌‍‌‌​​‌‍‌‌​‌‌​‍‌‍‌‌‌​​‌‍‌​‍‌‌​‌​​‌‍‍​‌‍​‌‌​‍‌‌​​‍‌‍‌​​‌‍​‌‌‌​‌‍‍​​‌‌‌​‌‍‍‌‌‌​‌‍​‌‍‌‌​‍​‍‌‌
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